Theoretical Perspectives on the Family Free Essays

Hypothetical Perspectives on the Family †¢Way of review reality †¢Identify why family examples and practices are how they are 1)Family Ecology †¢How family is impacted by the general public around it †¢Family decisions/lives influenced by economy, training, religion and other social establishments †¢Ex: Great Depression †financially, individuals can’t bear the cost of kids regardless of whether they needed more children 2)Family Development †¢How family changes after some time †¢Family Life Cycle: Addition/deduction of individuals (passing in a family, moving out) oVarious stages kids experience (kids start school, go to secondary school, at that point school, at that point marriage) oChanges in family associations with other social organizations (retirement, or getting terminated) †¢Developmental Tasks must be aced so as to progress to the following †¢Role Sequencing †significant advances to adulthood †¢Normative Ord er Hypothesis †work-marriage-parenthood arrangement is vest for psychological well-being and joy )Structure Functional Theory †¢Functions performed by the family as a social foundation 1)Raise kid dependably 2)Economical help 3)Emotional help †¢Roles designed by convictions, values, mentalities, standards †fill in as basic social capacities that empowers society to endure 4) Interactionist Perspective †¢Interactions inside relatives †¢Do they impart viably? †¢If they don’t = doesn’t take into consideration exceptional characteristics to create †¢MAJOR CONCEPTS: oSelf-idea †emotions individuals have about themselves Concepts of personality †feeling of uniqueness , â€Å"the self is grown at first in a family setting† oRole taking †anticipated conduct for every relative (related with a social position) †Children learn proper conduct jobs that they may play in adulthood through watching their folks, kin ac cept that job †INTERNALIZED AND INCORPORATED TO SELF 5) Exchange Theory †¢Exchange of assets that influence arrangement, continuation, nature of a relationship †¢Rewards versus Cost †shapes force and impact in the family and promise to the relationship †¢Should trade assets outside the gathering. If not, creates realism (reliance) rather than autonomy †¢Relationships dependent on trades that are equivalent or impartial (reasonable, if not equivalent) flourish †¢Whereas, those in w/c the trade balance feels reliably uneven are bound to be despondent †¢Principle of Least Interest †accomplice w/less pledge to the relationship is the person who has more force including the ability to abuse the other †¢Person who keep up predominance †individuals who are happy to separation/decline to be the first to make up ) Family Systems †¢Use family in general more than the aggregate of its parts (individuals) †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Everybody realizes what they have to do to make this work† †shortcoming: no space for change †¢A family works routinely with a particular goal in mind; passionate articulation and conduct of fa mily will in general continue 7) Conflict and Feminist Perspective †¢Central Issue †women's activist †sex issues explicit to ladies †¢Because lady brings consideration w/lady obligations - it clashes - â€Å"Doesn’t mean on the grounds that I’m a lady, I ought to be the one cooking. We will compose a custom paper test on Hypothetical Perspectives on the Family or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now †¢Woman disperses custom †strife happens w/in the family †¢And/or lady isn't getting the opportunity to perform conventional responsibilities and causes struggle (Traditional homemaker spouse presently is going to work) 8) Biosocial Perspective (Charles Darwin) †¢Depending how you’re raised is the manner by which you endure †¢Individual Gene †decides whether family is fruitful †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"You’re simply like your dad. † Step by step instructions to refer to Theoretical Perspectives on the Family, Papers

Meaning of Life and Success Essay Example for Free

Which means of Life and Success Essay Expanded Definition Essay Success The most Important thing In my life Is believed to be joy. So as to make progress you should conform to very circumstance easily. Achievement Is It the way toward carrying out a responsibility and getting a constructive outcome, or Is It essentially accomplishing ones own objectives. As indicated by The American Heritage word reference achievement Is, the accomplishment of something wanted, arranged, or endeavor. The word achievement itself intends to accomplish your objective or get the point that you searching for. A few people achievement intended to them to be rich or to complete school and work significant salary Jobs. However, for me achievement implies more han that. Achievement intends to me have tranquility and love; additionally to get hitched and to enter paradise after this life is finished. Undoubtedly, each and every individual who has tranquility and love is an effective succeeding individual. Wthout harmony and love there is no achievement. You get up toward the beginning of the day and you dont stress over whatever day; that is accomplishment for me, in light of the fact that the life is short, you dont must be worried about anything. Additionally in the event that you have a family that adores you and is consistently upbeat for what you are doing, that is achievement. Furthermore, in the event that you deal with your old guardians and they love you and they carry on with a cheerful life, which is uccess tor me. Furthermore, achievement Is additionally something that Is seen contrastingly according to everybody. This is on the grounds that achievement implies doing what I have consistently needed do being the place I have for the longest time been itching to be. My objective In life Is to in the end get hitched toa great spouse and have numerous glad kids and If I achieved that, at that point I could see myself as having achievement. In conclusion, which means of achievement for me Is to enter the paradise after this life Is finished. We realize that life in this world is excessively short, and we dont know when we are going to bite the dust and what we will get after this life. That is a basic answer; carry out beneficial things in this world and you will be fruitful in the Ife in the future. That implies you enter the paradise without a doubt and that is enormous award from God to his humankind. There is no withering after this life; that implies f you dont enter the paradise you will be the washout and who ever go in the paradise will be the champ. Taking everything into account, I despite everything concur with the Idea I introduced: anyway as indicated by the word reference and numerous different assets, achievement intends to them accomplishment. Be that as it may, as per my own conclusion achievement intends to accept the ones of God, and to have eace and love in as long as you can remember, and to get in paradise the existence from this point forward. Which means of Life and Success BY elm12696 The most significant thing in my life is believed to be joy. So as to make progress you should change in accordance with very circumstance effortlessly. Achievement is it the way toward carrying out a responsibility and getting a constructive outcome, or is it basically accomplishing ones own objectives. As indicated by The American Heritage word reference achievement is, the accomplishment of Without harmony and love there is no achievement. You get up toward the beginning of the day and you dont must be worried about anything. Likewise on the off chance that you have a family that cherishes uccess for me. Moreover, achievement is additionally something that is seen diversely according to where I have for a long while been itching to be. My objective in life is to in the end get hitched to a decent spouse and have numerous glad kids and in the event that I achieved that, at that point I could Lastly, which means of progress for me is to enter the paradise after this life is finished. We this world and you will be effective in the existence in the future. That implies you no withering after this life; that implies in the event that you dont enter the paradise you will be the taking everything into account, I despite everything concur with the thought I introduced: anyway as indicated by the

Modern Interpretation of The First Amendment Essay -- essays papers

Present day Interpretation of The First Amendment The principal Amendment of the United States Constitution says; â€Å"Congress will make no law regarding a foundation of religion, or restricting the free exercise thereof; or shortening the ability to speak freely, or of the press; or the privilege of the individuals quietly to gather, and to appeal to the Government for a change of grievances.†[1] Our fore dads felt that this announcement was plain enough for all to see, anyway regularly the United States government esteems it important to cause laws to better to characterize those rights that are expressed in the Constitution. Today the composers would be both empowered and debilitated by our cutting edge understanding the First Amendment the United States Constitution. A lot of bills have been composed and gone as enactment under the affectation that they would better framework the citizen’ rights and guarantee their opportunities. However once in a while these laws are made with negligence to what is expressed in our Constitution. Now and again they mutilate and turn the first importance of the work, neutralizing the motivation behind making the Amendments. The goal of Amendments was to be a blueprint of the privileges of the individuals. They were to guarantee that there would not be a rehash of what the designers had encountered when they set out on their crucial draft an archive that would administer our nation for a considerable length of time to come. Gradually our chosen authorities have been limiting our Constitution. There are many coming about repercussions; the most dear to everybody being the people rights. The final product of these translations being that our kin are harmed, as we are gradually being deprived of our privileges as U.S. residents. There are two opportunities that appear to cause the most dispute, the first being opportunity of press and the second being the opportunity of religion. â€Å" It stays to be noticed that none of the incredible sacred privileges of inner voice, anyway imperative to a free society is total in character. In this way, while the sacred assurance of opportunity of religion goes far, it doesn't serve to ensure acts decided to be ethically obscene, for example, poly loving relationships. Youngsters can't be required to execute the banner salute which is prohibited by strict belief†¦ Similarly the right to speak freely of discourse, regularly shielded by the courts, doesn't reach out to the subversive utteran... ... During that time numerous progressions have occurred, and advances have been found, yet our Constitution remains. Some state that the Constitution was composed for individuals many years back, and thus is conflicted in relation to the occasions. However its principals and rules have held so far. The designers would be satisfies that their extraordinary arranging and thought have been executed up until this point. Anyway this doesn't make up for the reality, that the we the individuals have engaged the administration more so than our fore dads had proposed. Residents were endowed with the obligation to supervise the administration, yet so often they are unbiased and possibly appear to have a supposition when the government’s suggestions influence them. As time has changed so has the American individuals, we frequently decipher our opportunities in a self serving way, ignoring the benefit of the entire and furthermore the useful for what's to come. In this manner there are no ob vious blemishes in the Constitution, apparently the contention develops in the individual and their self, and offers conversation starter when we should choose when to bargain the ethics that our Constitution was established on, or when to adhere to what we know is correct and fair.

Feminist views in the Canterbury Tales Essay

The book The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer holds an assortment of stories situated in medieval occasions of a few people experiencing an excursion. En route each character stops to recount to a story that shows a good. These accounts all have their own heroes that share the storyteller’s convictions and every story is told with a remarkable perspective on the evolving scene. Toward the finish of every story, the fundamental character faces their judgment or figuring and an exercise bestows itself upon them. The Wife of Bath’s story and the Nun’s Priest story both represent this thought unmistakably and share clashing perspectives on the job of ladies during the timeframe. In the star women's activist story of the Wife of Bath the youthful knight faces his judgment toward the end when he permits his significant other to pick her appearance and, in the antifeminist Nun’s Priest story, the chicken, known as Chanticleer, faces his judgment when the fox seizes him. The main character that faces his retribution is the youthful knight in the story told by the Wife of Bath. The Wife of Bath presents an ace women's activist view in when ladies were viewed as items and the quandary the knight faces identifies with the topic of the narrative of how confiding in ladies consistently brings about bliss. The knight assaults a lady and is rebuffed by the sovereign and compelled to discover what ladies need the most. Similarly as the knight is going to surrender his pursuit, he discovers a worn out elderly person that discloses to him that she has the appropriate response he looks for however will possibly uncover it to him in the event that he vows to finish an errand for her later on. He says yes and she discloses to him that ladies need territory over their spouses. He faces his retribution toward the finish of the story, after he has hitched the elderly person, when his significant other permits him to pick her appearance. He reacts, â€Å"My woman and my affection, and wif so dere, I putte me in youre savvy governaunce† (p234 lines 1236-1237). He is then compensated for offering matchless quality to his better half and she decides to be lovely and devoted. The knight arrives at this revelation through his excursion, as he needed to approach ladies with deference and give them domain over himself so as to spare his life. This retribution is fitting for the knight in light of the fact that, toward the start of the story, he didn't regard ladies yet, all through his pursuit, he discovers that treating ladies similarly and being accommodating to them prompts bliss. The second character that faces his retribution is Chanticleer from the Nun Priest’s story. Chanticleer is the best chicken in all the land yet one day he has a terrible dream. He tells his significant other of his fantasy and she lashes out at him saying, â€Å"I can nat love a weakling, by my confidence. For certes, what so any womman saith, we alle desiren, on the off chance that it may be, to han a housbondes strong insightful and free† (p252 lines 91-94). This thought stands out significantly from that of the Wife of Bath’s, which said that ladies just need territory over their spouses. Chanticleer decides to disregard his fantasy, against his own desires, so as to satisfy his better half. In any case, he comes to confront his judgment when a fox comes and takes him from the upset. Chanticleer is nearly slaughtered for tuning in to his significant other however figures out how to escape the fox’s grasp and escape. This judgment is suitable for Chanticleer as he speaks to male matchless quality in the public eye. At the point when he tunes in to his better half over his own instinct he is almost murdered. This stories shows a solid antifeminist perspective, conversely with that of the Wife of Bath, and depicts ladies as the destruction of man. The storyteller even says, â€Å"Wommenes conseils broughte us first to wo, and made Adam fro paradis to go, there as he was ful merye and wel at ese. Be that as it may, for I noot to whom it may displese on the off chance that I conseil of ladies wolde fault, pass over† (p259 lines 436-442). The Wife of Bath and the Nun’s Priest story both show how the characters confronted their retribution in the wake of tuning in to the ladies in their lives. In the Wife of Bath’s story the knight is remunerated for approaching ladies with deference while, in the Nun’s Priest story, Chanticleer is rebuffed. Chaucer composed these two stories since they show the conflict of perspectives on women’s jobs in the public eye around then. While the Wife of Bath underpins women’s rights, the Nun’s cleric story censures them and says ladies are only unadulterated malevolence. This conflict despite everything exists today and one may think about whether individuals today could take in an exercise from these two characters.

Lewis, Meriwether

Lewis, Meriwether Lewis, Meriwether, 1774â€"1809, American explorer, one of the leaders of the Lewis and Clark expedition , b. near Charlottesville, Va. He was a captain in the army and served in a number of campaigns against Native Americans before becoming (1801) secretary to his friend President Jefferson. Selected to head the expedition for a land route to the Pacific Ocean, he chose William Clark as his associate. Upon that successful venture Lewis's fame rests. In 1807 he was made governor of Louisiana Territory, with headquarters at St. Louis. In 1809, while traveling to Washington to prepare the journals of the expedition for publication, he died suddenlyâ€"either by murder or suicideâ€"in a lonely inn on the Natchez Trace. The cause of his death is still the subject of controversy. See biography by R. H. Dillon (1968); see also bibliography under Lewis and Clark expedition . The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reser ved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Be Real What is REAL - Free Essay Example

â€Å"What is REAL? † asked the Rabbit one day†¦ Does it mean having things that buzz inside you and stick out like a handle? † In the children’s book, The Velveteen Rabbit, by Margery Williams, two toys talk within a nursery about what it means to be Real. As I listened to the reading, I realized that I can apply the discussed qualifications for Real into my life, and as I did so I began to recognize just how Real I may be. After reading the book to the class my teacher issued an assignment, a five page essay on â€Å"What does it mean to be real? I immediately thought â€Å"With such a harsh case of senioritus? Impossible! Real? It means to walk around with air in your lungs, moveable joints and a ticking heart. † A few minutes later I woke up a bit more and evaluated the question further. It took me several weeks, many I-Pod searches, a time-consuming assessment of my life and intense movie watching, but I do believe that I have the key that will u ncover Real’s meaning in every sense. What does it mean to be real? According to Webster’s Dictionary real is defined as â€Å"physically existing or not artificial†. As the great French philosopher Rene Descartes said â€Å"I think therefore I am†, I say â€Å"If I am then I exist and if I exist, then I am physically here†. Now establishing the fact that I am real in the physical sense, the question, â€Å"Am I artificial? † develops. This question is a tricky one with regard to the concept that teenagers do not act on our own sense of morals, but rather on the desire to satisfy those whose affection we crave, and I am no exception. Taking all this into account I am artificial, however, if this is the manner in which the rest of my contemporaries behave then I am only as real as my age. So far through my life I have operated with appendages in my eyes, with others steering my vision of reality, whether they are my parents, friends, pe ers or media and I realize that one element in being real is to seize control of what and how I see and understand the world. To do so, I must close my eyes after a view and ponder, for myself, what I saw and how it struck me because otherwise I would only be allowing others to cause a collision. Real isnt how you are made, said the Skin Horse. Its a thing that happens to you. When a child loves you for a long, long time, not just to play with, but REALLY loves you, then you become Real (Williams 5). After reading and reflecting on how this sentence might pertain to my life, I came to the conclusion that I am not yet Real. This sentence says that being Real is being truly loved by someone, not just â€Å"playing†, but truly being cared about; I don’t see myself as sincerely being loved by anyone except for my Dad and our relationship is fairly new, even though I know he has loved me since before I was born. Love must be combined with an extraordinary bond in orde r to make one Real, a bond that will release one from all insecurities and filter the world in a different and more positive light. As for the friends that I have accumulated over the years, I do not see myself as being of any immense significance to their lives, all we did was play and have fun. What I mean to say is, if I were to suddenly disappear, more likely than not my friends would mourn my dissolution for a brief while, but only the person who I truly mattered to will be the one whose life would need rearranging. Generally, by the time you are Real, most of your hair has been loved off, and your eyes drop out and you get loose in the joints and very shabby. But these things dont matter at all, because once you are Real you cant be ugly, except to people who dont understand (Williams 5). Does it hurt? asked the Rabbit. Sometimes, said the Skin Horse†¦ When you are Real you dont mind being hurt (Williams 5). To be within reach of becoming Real, a person must not shelter herself from life’s events, whether good or bad, because with all good and no bad, how is the good ever to be valued? When in the process of becoming real, a person is taken from the secure confinements of her cupboard and takes the risks and the experiences that go along with becoming Real. This may cause hurt and damage to one’s self, but it takes the simplicity away from her fur, tatters it a bit, but all the while it is what gives her appearance character, setting her aside from all the other velveteen rabbits that shared all the same aspects. I have never truly strayed from my cupboard and out of the nursery for fear of damaging my â€Å"fur†, I have taken risks and been hurt, but always within the custody of my shelf. It doesnt happen all at once, said the Skin Horse. You become. It takes a long time. Thats why it doesnt happen often to people who break easily, or have sharp edges, or who have to be carefully kept† (Williams 5). Becoming Real is a long process that requires a life time of experiences that will subject me to Real pain, and Real love, not only from or for another person, but also from and for myself. The boy in the story did not make the rabbit Real, he only contributed by loving and showing him life’s beauties such as love and friendship. The rabbit in fact made himself Real by accepting himself. I was birthed by a fifteen year old girl who was totally unprepared to be a mother and was adopted by my grandmother and step-grandfather, whom I called mom and dad. But after middle school, when I was more able to recognize my surroundings along with other events that occurred with my family along with the quarrel within myself, I began to feel as if I do not belong and have no Real family, causing me to feel insignificant. It felt wrong to request for things from my grandparents since I am not truly their child, not to mention they already raised their own kids and still have to pay for my education an d cost of living; I could not ask from my mother because she has her own kid who also posses needs and seeing as how I have never played the role of her daughter, although she and I occasionally try, it is not my place. Due to these feelings of displacement I’ve always felt incapable of being loved by more than my daddy and therefore I try to find many little substitutions to fill the void, whether they be friends, crushes or even family. I began to develop the impression that I was a slip-up and not meant to be here or to be loved. I’ve analyzed myself and my personality, along with other people’s criticisms, and have found that I desperately crave attention, usually in heaps from one person at a time. I constantly want to feel as though someone cares and I desire that at least one person would want to be around me without growing tired. However, none of these quick fix relations ever last very long and something always happens to make me feel trivial. Wi thout the approval of others, I am never able to approve myself my question is always â€Å"How can I like myself if others don’t even like me? What is wrong with me? † I cannot predict when I will become Real. It may happen in a few years, or in the closing stages of my life if ever at all. Needless to say this paragraph knocks me out of the running to become Real. There are no magical nursery fairies or wise old rocking horses to transform a human being into Real. An individual must undergo selflessness, acceptance, experience and a clear perception of the world (all attributes of Christ). Perhaps Real is another form of perfection. With this in mind, I ask, has anyone ever been Real? With all the ingredients necessary to be Real it is practically impossible to achieve it until made divine, which must be achieved through Real actions. I cannot become Real simply from experiences and learning from them or even adding all the ingredients together, because even after being subject to all these phases, I will continually be subject to more until my final breath. The trials given here on earth are sent to test us on how well we handle our affairs, if we pass all the courses until deaths touch, we are proved worthy and made into Real. Works Cited Real. Merriam Webster’s Desk Dictionary. 1995. Williams, Margery. The Velveteen Rabbit. Random House Childrens Books: HCI, January 1958 Boyd, Brandon. Dig. Sony Music Entertainment: EPIC, November 2006 Hacikyan, Shaant. Teasing to Please. Fueled by Ramen: June 2006

Human Resource Management Performance Appraisal - 949 Words

Introduction Performance appraisal is defined by Mathias, Jackson (2005, p106) as ‘the process of evaluating how well employees perform their jobs as compared to a set of standards, and then communicating that information to those employees.’ This evaluation or review is usually carried out periodically. A performance appraisal usually forms an integral part of an organization’s Performance Management System, and although there are criticisms against performance appraisals, its many advantages heavily outweigh their shortcomings. To understand difficulties faced by supervisors, it is necessary to first understand why supervisors want to carry out appraisals. The reasons mentioned by C.H. Tan, Torrington (2004, p228) are as follows:†¦show more content†¦Leniency errors happens when the appraiser tends to only rate on the higher end of the grade, while strictness errors occurs when the appraiser tends to rate more strictly, and rate the appraisees at the lower end of the scale. This would cause unfairness in an organization with many appraisers, and each appraiser having to appraise separate groups of staff under them. 7. Lastly, appraisees may be doing similar jobs, but may be doing it at different times, and at different situations, and appraisers may not be able to judge them fairly. Another difficulty faced by appraisers includes the large amount of administrative paperwork required before and after the appraisal is carried out. This may lead to appraisers feeling very demoralized, and may hinder them from carrying out a proper and fair appraisal. Also, an appraisal is often seen as a serious and formal affair, and could lead to uneasiness between the appraiser and their staff. This could result in a strained working relationship. This is more evident if the staff has greater working experience in the organization, but is of a lower rank. This may not cause a problem during the initial work appraisals, but could surface in subsequent work appraisals. Performance appraisals may also be seen only as a formality, and the issues discussed and planning made may not be actually carried out by either the appraiser or appraisee, or even both. Both parties may lose confidence inShow MoreRelatedSupervisors: Human Resource Management and Performance Appraisals900 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Performance appraisals benefit the company in a variety of ways. On the flip side, they can also create difficulties if they aren’t completed correctly. Many problems within the company can arise when supervisors haven’t been properly trained on appraisals. On a bigger note, companies can also be placed in legal trouble if appraisals are done incorrectly. To avoid these issues, the Human Resource Department needs implement training to the supervisors who conduct performance appraisals. 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A Human Resource Manager is the individuals who help inRead MoreHuman Resources Management– Case Study1421 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resources Management– Case Study Human resource management refers to a series of human resources policies and the corresponding management activities. These activities include corporate human resources strategy, employee recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, compensation management, staff flow management, employee relationship management, employee safety and health management, etc. Namely: enterprise modern management method, is used to obtain (candidate)Read MorePerformance Appraisal Critique1536 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Performance appraisal is a method which is increasingly used to evaluate employees to determine the degree to which they are performing effectively and encourage them to direct their energies towards organizational performance. Although the appraisal is being practiced, there are criticisms made against the system which generally arise from within the Orthodox and radical management frame work. This essay outlines the orthodox and radical critiques respectively and suggests whetherRead MoreHrm: Contribution1703 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation technology, information systems and the internet are become more and more important and revolutionizing the Human Resource Management in the organization, increasing the efficiency of the operation and supporting the HR professionals in those HR functions. Therefore, the e-HRM systems was derived which is use of web- based technologies for human resources management practices. It is obviously that the e-HRM can benefit the organization in the HRM area. For example, it is a more efficiency

10 Facts About Acids and Bases

Theme Of A Utopian Society - 884 Words

Part One One of the major themes Mitchell plays with in his novel is the concept of a utopian society, and what it is comprised of. In each story, there is a setup for a ‘perfect’ society, but humanity, or humanity’s spirit got in the way. Each story represents how the interpretation of things can shape a society, depending on how literal they take the events. In the story â€Å"Sloosha’s Crossin’ an’ Everythin’ After†, the tales are in place to develop the role of each character. Zachry fights his inner demons, just as Truman Napes does with Old Georgie. Zachry chooses to protect and befriend Meronym, even though it goes against his initial judgement. Meronym fights for the overall good of the people just as the crow does in â€Å"Prescient yarnie†. She goes out and lives with the villagers to gather information, and saves Zachry’s sister. She is making diplomatic decisions to take on the risk of changing the cours e of things by helping her. The function of Zachry and Meronym are to be foils of each other, even the story is told from the biased perspective of Zachry. Meronym is focused on long term goals, and the redevelopment of society, while Zachry is very much focused on the present time, and the folklore that affects his day to day life. On a small scale, their stories are not important, which is how Mitchell intended it to be. In the novel as whole, their place is more significant. Each tale foreshadows what could become prevalent in the future. Zachry’s story is the last inShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm And The Truman Show Analysis1341 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel ‘animal farm’ and the film ‘the Truman show’ George Orwell and Peter weir talk about how power, utopian societies, and the good life are relevant to the narratives. In these film/novel. In Animal Farm/ Truman show power can be used in many ways good or bad, but if you have too much of it you can use the power you have in many bad ways. The good life is demonstrated as the place where everyone works together and can achieve their goals in life. These novel/films have made it clear thatRead More Literary Utopian Societies Essays1747 Words   |  7 Pages Literary Utopian Societies â€Å"The vision of one century is often the reality of the next†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nelson 108). Throughout time, great minds have constructed their own visions of utopia. Through the study of utopias, one finds that these â€Å"perfect† societies have many flaws. For example, most utopias tend to have an authoritarian nature (Manuel 3). Also, another obvious imperfection found in the majority of utopias is that of a faulty social class system (Thomas 94). But one must realized that the flawsRead MoreEssay Lois Lowrys Use of Allusion Throughout The Giver575 Words   |  3 PagesGiver, which had won a Newbery Award. 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AP World History Compare and Contrast The Spread of...

Compare and Contrast: The Spread of Christianity and Buddhism in the End of the Classical Period. World History AP Christianity and Buddhism are two different religions that developed and spread contemporaneously in during the Classical Period different territories. Both of them share some similarities as well as differences. Both of these religions were founded based upon different principles taught by different people; in Buddhism’s case Gautama Buddha a thinker and in Christianity’s it is Jesus Christ who is a prophet. These two universal doctrines spread in times of chaos, in which citizens of their own territories were looking forward to achieve salvation of any kind. Although alike these two doctrines didn’t have a†¦show more content†¦A thing that appealed the people of the Classical Period about this two religions and led to the spread and evangelization of them was the fact that they both promised their followers salvation. As it is stated in the paragraph before their followers state of salvation was achieved when reaching the Nirvana or Heaven. During the Classical Period people were in a state of chaos, the lower class was losing the lands they used for agriculture, middle class’ trade was being affected, and upper class were losing power. These three different social classes needed the hope of salvation, the one that Buddhism and Christianity could give them. Another thing that appealed about these two religions, specially to the lower class was the Universality of it. You were spiritually equal to Buddha or God no matter what, not even social class or race. Also, both of them were against slavery. At last, was how personal it was. You could directly interact with God or Buddha by praying or meditating, which supposedly will help you and direct you throughout your life. These two religions had very different concepts about divinity, Christians believed in one only merciful god, while Buddhists believed in Buddha’s divinity known as enlightenment and his teachings. Christians had a very complex concept of what divinity is, they believe in only one god who can be manifested in three different ways, as God himself, throughout his son Jesus

Black Hawk Down Analysis Free Essays

In the 1990s, Somalia is undergoing a famine along with a civil war. Many civilians have died as a result of the war, and so the UN has intervened and started a peacekeeping operation there, with a base just outside Mogadishu. Unfortunately, the Somalis, distrusful of the UN, have declared war on everyone involved in the operation. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Hawk Down Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now In response to this, the US army deploys Delta Force to aimed at undermining the power of the president of Somalia. They plan a mission to capture Omar Salad Elmi and Abdi Hassan Awale Qeybdiid, two of the President’s top advisers. The operation is planned out, and everything seems foolproof. Before they leave however, a lieutenant is removed from duty due to a seizure, and so a less experienced soldier must take his place and lead the crew. Delta Force is deployed to capture the two men in Mogadishu, and all goes according to plan. Helicopters are flown in over the city, and they can see tires burning, which is the Somali’s signaling that they were coming. They then convince a taxi driver to show them where the two men will be, and they go in with helicopters and armored vehicles. They successfully capture the two advisers, and wait for the extraction team to come pull them out of the hostile territory. On the way, the extraction team takes heavy fire, and one of the helicopters is hit with an RPG. It goes into a tailspin and hits a rooftop before crashing into a street. Two of the passengers in the helicopter crawl out and away, but the other two have extensive injuries and have to stay in the helicopter. Another helicopter is told to take the place of the one that went down. This helicopter is quickly shot down as well, but lands with less injuries. At this point the armored vehicles are diverted from the path of retrieving the two captured men and told to go to the first crash site, retrieve the soldiers there, and then move to the second crash site and secure it. On the way to the crash site, one of the armored vehicles is hit by an RPG, and men are thrown out of it. The convoy stops and retrieves the wounded, but in the process another soldier is shot. Throughout the mission, the armored convoy is being given directions by a plane overhead. At this point, the confusion is too great and the directions are inaccurate. Roadblocks are being set up by the Somalis, which makes it impossible for the convoys to reach the crash sites. Unbeknownst to the ground forces, the convoys give up trying to reach the crash sites and head back to the UN safe zone, in the stadium. Meanwhile, ground forces are also trying to reach the crash sites. A group of men reach the first crash site, and set up a defensive perimeter around it, with the base inside the house that the helicopter crashed into. They attempt to treat the wounded soldiers, and hold back Somali forces. At the second crash site, two snipers are dropped in by helicopter to try to retrieve the wounded. They find one soldier injured and alive, but as night falls, both of them are killed and the injured soldier is taken captive. Under cover of darkness, the Somalis attack the first crash site, but air support from the military holds them back until help can arrive. A relief convoy arrives and rescues the wounded, but many of the soldiers are forced to run back to the stadium. As they arrive, they are greeted with hundreds of smiling and cheering Somalis. In the end, there were 19 American, and over 1,000 Somali casualties. The injured soldier that was captured at the helicopter crash site was released almost two weeks later. The two snipers that went in to retrieve the injured soldier were awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously. Soon after, the president of Somalia was killed in a battle with a rival group. The following day, the general in control of the operation resigned. In terms of accuracy, most of this movie is biased toward the Americans. In the beginning, there is a scene where the Americans are flying over the UN food supply trucks that were sent in to feed Somalia, and in this scene, Aidid’s men mercilessly gun down civilians in order to take the food trucks. In reality, that event never even happened. Throughout the whole movie, director Ridley Scott added and took away events to delude the viewer into believing that the Somalis were evil people who had no motive, and just wanted to be in control. When this war actually happened, there were two phases of UN involvement. The movie mixes them together in a way that suits its purpose. Phase one was actually a benevolent move by the UN; food trucks were brought in an attempt to feed the starving citizens of Somalia. This lasted for awhile, but not forever. Then came phase two, which was the violent phase. The US Army came in to the city with a, â€Å"military campaign to to install a fresh political system in Somalia. † The Somalians resented this. Another, more blatant inaccuracy was when the movie announced onscreen that â€Å"Aidid’s militia first killed 24 Pakistani soldiers and then began to target US troops.† The opposite of this is actually true. US troops were targeting Aidid before the Pakistanis were killed by a Somali mob. The UN interfered with Aidid’s affairs before the events of the movie even took place. This omission of information is meant to convince the viewers that the attack on the US troops was unprovoked and aggressive, to indicate that the US was in the right and Aidid’s army was in the wrong. Also, the movie makes it seem as though this is the first time US troops had engaged in any kind of action in Mogadishu. In actuality, the Delta Force had flown in over Mogadishu many times before to harrass Aidid and his supporters. US troops â€Å"rotor-washed† houses and people in downtown Mogadishu, meaning they would hover above the town in helicopters and blow down structures with the force of the wind from the rotors. The final and most glaring piece of evidence still remains. Through the entire film, it is not explained why the US troops and Delta Force were met with such violence and antagonism on the streets of Mogadishu. The movie plot and the way the characters are presented leads the viewer to believe that the Somalians are just naturally aggressive and ferocious people. The real reason is that months before, on July 12, 1993, the dominant groups in Mogadishu held a meeting to discuss a peace proposal from a main official at the UN, Jonathan Howe. Many prominent leaders of groups opposed to Aidid were also there. During the meeting, US helicopters attacked the building that the gathering was in, and slaughtered Somali religious leaders and elders. This enraged the Somalis, and so when they met the US troops in the streets of Mogadishu, they took out their full anger and ferocity on them in retaliation for what was done at the meeting. This film is skewed to favor of the US, in order to sway viewers to believe that what the UN did was entirely justifiable, that the Somalis have short fuses and will fight, unprovoked, at the drop of a hat. The viewers of this movie would naturally be led to have a negative attitude toward Somalia, and ultimately in future engagements, be biased towards the US military as heroically on the side of justice. The US military establishment was more than pleased with this depiction of the October 3, 1993 raid on Somalia, in which 18 US soldiers lost their lives and two Black Hawk helicopters were destroyed. As evidence, thousands of videotapes of the film were sent to US military bases abroad and the producer of the movie, Jerry Bruckheimer was widely quoted as telling General John Keane, â€Å"General, we’re going to make a movie that you and your army will be proud of. † After seeing the film, General Keane told reporters â€Å"He did that, and we thank him. † How to cite Black Hawk Down Analysis, Papers

Leadership and Theory free essay sample

Kirsty and several colleagues set up a new company when they left Mr Bakes, a medium sized bakery company. Kirsty had members of her Senior Management Team which are all females, mid-twenties and with no experience in the company management. However, Kirsty made a decision to set up a new innovational company and set standard requirements for the company. After that, she perceived three main problems in the initial phase after the foundation of the factory. First of all, there is a serious financial burden forced on the Senior Management Team. Second, some fractures have appeared in the SMT’s riendship at the initial stage of establishing a market. Third, there are some negative treatments from their competitors. To sum up these three main issues, Kirsty commented on her way of seeing the company through the start-up phase. She said that she had a vision and tried to make it clear to staffs to make them going the same way towards one goal. Otherwise, she not only devoted herself to dealing with all problems that the staff had but also trusted her staffs to be fully committed to what they wanted and was open to any idea on how to make that vision come true in reality. In view of the ways of Kirsty’s leadership, it is not hard to find out the three modern leadership theories and approaches in her comments. This report will make a critical analysis of the strength and the weakness of Kirsty’s leadership for The Sandwich Factory by using the knowledge in leadership. Main Section: Leadership Theory Development On the basis of the leadership conception we can defined that â€Å"leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal† (Northouse 2007:3). This definition emphasize on three key points ‘process’, ‘influences’, and ‘common goal’. Moreover, leadership is giving direction aligning people to the vision and helping them cope with changes. For instance, the CEO of Apple Incorporated, Steve Jobs was a leader who provided the strategic vision as the managing director to his whole company. With the development of leadership theory, some academics put forward a few methods of leadership step by step, from the original Trait Approach to the current Ethical Leadership Approach which has experienced several periods of evolution. People seek more information to answer what makes a good leader and how to be a good leader. Most of them believe that owning the ability of leadership could improve their social positions, personal cultivations of ideological morality and the quality of life. Many successful leaders are well equipped with good personal traits and comprehensive professional knowledge. In addition, they hold their opinions with persistence and bravely face new challenges and changes. In this case study, the principal theory is modern approaches of leadership. It contains path-goal theory, leader-member exchange theory and transformational versus transactional theory. Then, it will make a particular analysis on these theories in the following sections. Path –Goal Theory Path-goal theory first appeared in the leadership literature in early 1970s. It builds on behavioral and contingency approaches which are concerned with how leadership behavior can motivate the satisfaction and performance of a follower in an organizational surrounding. It emphasizes the relationship and leadership behaviors between subordinate’s characteristics and task characteristics. The main challenge of a leader in organizations is to use a leadership style that best satisfies followers’ motivational needs and to steer followers along a path to achieving the common goal, which seems attractive and increase followers confidence. House and Mitchell (1974) described four styles of leading subordinates which consist of â€Å"Directive Leadership, Supportive Leadership, Participative Leadership and Achievement-oriented Leadership†. It is used to analyze complicated relationships in an organization. The path-goal theory has several effective features. First, it explains how various leadership behaviors interact with followers and task characteristics and how to choose an appropriate leadership style to affect subordinates’ satisfactions and work performances. Second, path-goal theory is that â€Å"it attempts to integrate the motivation principles of expectancy theory into a theory of leadership† (Peter G. Northouse, 2010, p. 133). A third positive feature of path-goal theory is that it affords a very practical model. Although path-goal theory has these positive features, it also has some opposite sides. First of all, this theory is so complex and broad which includes so many different correlative conditions. Therefore, with a specific organizational context, it is so difficult to use it to ameliorate the leadership process. A second criticism of this theory is that â€Å"it does not give equal attention on all relevant aspects and the research results do not provide a full and coincident conclusion of the essential suppositions and consequences† (Evans, 1996). This may be due to the imperfection of measuring method in leadership behavior and measurement scale in work structure. What’s more, this approach attaches importance to ‘people’ factors, whether leaders or subordinates are all complex man and there are many factors to influence them. This will definitely affect the full play of the transformational leadership. The transactional leadership is different from transformational leadership which does not focus on followers’ personal development. It was put forward by Hollander in 1978. Hollander deemed that â€Å"leadership happened in a given situation, leaders and followers maintain a transaction process. Leaders by a clear task and persona’ needs to guide and motivate subordinates to complete the organization’s goals†. â€Å"Transactional leaders are influential because it is in the best interest of subordinates for them to do what the leader wants† (Kuhnert amp; Lewis, 1987). Transactional leadership could become a tool for private gains. It could be excessive emphasis on ‘bottom line’, thus become a ‘short-term behavior’, only consider the pursuit of efficiencies and the maximization of profits and ignore some long-term things. It could also make followers to fall into an immoral and irrational zone with the powerful pressures, excessive rewards and punishments. The most deadly is transactional leadership only knows to use of tangible and intangible conditions to exchange values with subordinates for getting the leadership. It is not able to give employees the significance of work. Thereby, the transactional leadership could not arouse the enthusiasm of employees or develop their creativities. On the basis of these two theories, it caused a new thinking but it is difficult to have an absolute answer about which leadership approach is better. Transformational leadership has its applicable conditions and transactional leadership also has its stage. So, with a contingent method, it should apply to a special situation. The most important thing is the balance of transformational leadership versus transactional leadership. It is about being transactional in a transformational way. The case study five points out that Kristy had protection, motivation and vision at the same time and totally trusted her subordinates. The followers accepted and enjoyed the devolution and the responsibility. Kristy is not a control freak. She made the challenge in a constructive way. Now the company has new customers every week and broke into new markets. The change never stops in The Sandwich Factory. Kristy used the transformational and transactional theory to finish the process of satisfaction between she and subordinates. She made subordinates recognize the responsibility and the signification of their tasks, and also gave high expectation to inspire them to achieve the common goal. She cared about the demand, ability and desire of followers. Otherwise, she listened, developed and guided her subordinates to grow up in challenges. Conclusion To sum up the whole report, it would appear that every leadership approach has its benefits and drawbacks. Leaders have to choose and combine some useful aspects form these leadership styles and use it to fit for the company. All of the leadership approaches enhance the prospective of company and the relationship between leaders and followers. Therefore, knowing the subordinates’ traits is the primary responsibility. Then, balancing subordinates’ demands with organizational targets is to make sure the organizational development in a straight way. Furthermore, the relationship between leaders and followers is complex and contextual. No leader could predict with any certainty how changing circumstances and events might affect the relationship with followers. The emotional connection with staffs is one of the effective ways to complete the leadership role in an organization. Not only pay attention to the business profit margins, but also concern with the subordinates’ work-life balance and well-being. The leader with high emotional intelligence could be easier to influence their staffs. Making staffs in one group and concentrate their efforts in organizational aims. In conclusion, the creator of The Sandwich Factory has her special personalities and managerial methods. She used three modern leadership theories and put them together to lead subordinates. At the end of Kitsty’s comments, she indicated that ‘change never stops’. Facing the change in interior and exterior circumstances, leaders should change their styles in a positive direction especially being true to followers which could help leaders easily get the dependence from followers.

Students Expectations on Their Future free essay sample

American rock band from Orlando, Florida. Entitled â€Å"How far we’ve come, the song offers a playful rhythm; but despite its head banging melody, the entirety of its message is both alarming and saddening. If the world is really in its worse condition right now, what could we, students, expect for the world to give us in the future? Political turmoil, unrest civil war, environmental destruction, and moral degradation -just to name a few- are some of the problems our world is battling with at present – the very same reasons why a student like me could be a bit cynical about the abstract concept of the word future. As students, do we really know where we are going to, or is there really something to look forward to in years to come? I cannot be skeptical about what tomorrow brings. Otherwise, what’s the purpose of striving hard as a student? Yes, I am a student; and I am confident to say that I represent those who have high hopes for what lies ahead of us. We will write a custom essay sample on Students Expectations on Their Future or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My heart is not covered with pessimism for I know that our generation will give birth to responsible individuals who would save the world from totally burning to the ground. From us shall come righteous people who will lead the government by the people and for the people. Our generation shall produce leaders who are sensitively and objectively attuned to the very rhythm of existence of all citizens particularly the distressed and the marginalized. Ten years hence, our country, specifically, shall witness a peaceful living environment which is controlled and taken care of by scrupulous individuals exuding deep concern for all living and non-living creatures. In the future, we shall see a citizenry of professionals –doctors, engineers, nurses, teachers, scientists, news anchors, lawyers, environmentalists- who have a high regard for the well-being and co-existence of all humans- in the workplace, in the neighborhood and in all corners of the world at large. These shall all be possible to happen for we firmly hold on to things we deserve to enjoy, and for which we ought to be responsible decades from now. These are the features of the future we have in mind because we are driven, young individuals who have the support, inspiration and love of our families and teachers as well. These are the aspects of the place we envision to live in years from now since we care not only for ourselves but also for the next generations to come. The world may apparently be burning to the ground now, but students like me still cling on to our hopes, no matter how flickering they may seem. Hope springs eternal; and this hope we shall live by and give us courage to look straight forward to a brighter and better future with our heads held up high.

Reasons Why You Might Choose To Use A Wellesley Essay Sample For Your Next Writing Project

Reasons Why You Might Choose To Use A Wellesley Essay Sample For Your Next Writing ProjectThere are many reasons why you might choose to use a Wellesley essay sample when it comes to writing your own college essays. If you're on a limited budget, the fact that these samples are free doesn't mean that you won't be able to find a great place to get help with your essays. However, even if you aren't on a limited budget, you can still benefit from one of these resources, as they are a great way to write a test-worthy essay that will impress your school's admissions committee.Typically, students who are taking the SAT or ACT have already completed a standard course text for their class. However, even if you haven't yet taken that kind of class, you may still have an idea of what your ideal standard course text will look like. For instance, if you were taking an English composition class, you would likely want to choose an essay to use as your essay for that particular class.In addition to a standard course text, some students prefer to use one of the other essays that is offered as part of a section in a standard course. These samples don't necessarily have to be selected based on what they're most like, but rather, you'll be more likely to use a well-written sample if it's one that has a reasonable length and is comparable to what you expect your final assignment to be. If you're choosing a sample that isn't similar to what you expected, it's best to choose something shorter and simpler, so that you'll be able to find the right essay even if you get stuck at the end of it.Another reason that you might want to use a Wellesley essay sample is if you don't know how to structure your own essay. This is especially true if you haven't had a chance to learn how to structure a paragraph before and want to learn the process. If you're going to use a sample, there are a number of resources out there that you can use to help you learn how to organize your own essay. There are websites that provide step-by-step instructions that can provide you with the structure that you need to get started with.Some students also want to use a sample to write essays for test day. It's important that you know what questions that you'll be asked at test time, as well as how you're going to prepare for them. A well-written essay can help you learn how to answer those questions, as well as to give you a sense of what kind of writing you're good at. Writing with help from a sample is a great way to get started with your essay preparation.When it comes to writing, there are many different tips that you can use to help you write an essay. However, when it comes to actually writing one, a sample will help you by showing you how to do it the right way. Aside from the fact that it's free, it's also free to download as well. That means that you'll only have to spend a little bit of time in order to learn how to use the sample as a guide for writing your own essay.The fact that yo u can choose from the many resources available for writing essays at Wellesley means that you should use one of these resources when you're writing an essay. These resources help you learn how to write an essay without having to spend a lot of money on a test that you really don't want to take.

Mein Fuhrer..I can walk Essay Example

Mein Fuhrer..I can walk Essay In 1962 Stanley Kubrick made a satire about Nuclear holocaust and he called it Dr. Strangelove, or How I Learned How to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb.Now, more than four decades later,Kubricks film is an excellent example of human feelings during the early sixties.In fact, the movie continues to be relevant now, as we face our current enemy: global terrorism. To appreciate the brilliance of this film, one must take into account the psychological and social atmosphere at the time when it was made.The story was written during the fifties; the cold war was in full swing.We were involved in Vietnam.The Cuban Missile Crisis had occurred.Fear and paranoia were at an all time high among the civilian, political, and military populations. It was a time when school children were instructed to duck and cover for air raid drills to prepare for a nuclear attack.Fear of the red army the Rooskies was omnipresent.The House UnAmerican Activities Committee (HUAC), which began in 1938, was still summoning people to testify against colleagues and friends.Dr. Strangelove perfectly depicts the paranoia and, in doing so, also shows how absurd the whole thing was. The word subtle does not exist in the world of this film. This is, after all, a comedy which addresses nuclear holocaust and mocks the paranoia of its time. The entire film is ironic. The work opens in a serious mood as a plane crew in flight receives a message that they are to bomb Russia. The captain of the crew, Major Kong, is played by Slim Pickens, an actor recognized for his thick Texas accent. After double checking the order to drop the bomb, Kong unlocks a safe and pulls out a cowboy hat and puts the hat on.At this point, it becomes apparent something is seriously wrong with these people.After an initial viewing it becomes clear that Strangelove is a comedy. On a

Essay on Design Management Practice and Theory part 2Essay Writing Service

Essay on Design Management Practice and Theory part 2Essay Writing Service Essay on Design Management Practice and Theory part 2 Essay on Design Management Practice and Theory part 2Essay on Design Management Practice and Theory part  1The magazine focuses on the large audience, at the age between 16-50. In such a way, the magazine has to match needs and expectations of the large audience that is quite a challenging task to do to make it possible to attract all potential customers of the magazine. The magazine reaches the large target customer group due to the skilful and highly efficient design which is universal to the extent that it attracts men and women of different age. The magazine is attractive for the youth as well as it is attractive for the older generation. At the same time, it is not just specific items that attract diverse customers to the magazine but it is the truly universal design of the magazine and the unique lifestyle promoted and created by the magazine. In such a way, it is not just some items that attract the large audience to the magazine but it is the lifestyle which people want to follow and which they find on pages of the magazine, in its design and content.The design of Cover Magazine stresses visual effects which are crucial for editors of the magazine in terms of the maintenance of the traditional design of the magazine. Visual effects of the magazine are very important for its design. They create the impression of fashionableness and success which are distinct features of the lifestyle created and promoted by Cover Magazine (Wilson, 2006). The attractiveness of the visual effects and design of the magazine catch the attention of the audience and, when readers start reading or even looking through the magazine, they get more and more involved into the content of the magazine and consciously or not they turn into admirers of the lifestyle created by the magazine design (Dwight, 2007). This is why one of the main priorities of Cover Magazine design is the strife for presenting the best in journalism, photography and art direction.Another distinct feature of the magazine design is the high quality. The magazine design is quality oriented. The high quality of the magazine becomes obvious, when it comes to text, images and all the aesthetics. The editor of the magazine insists: â€Å"We are not indifferent to how things look. The key to our success lies among other things in our diligence and determination to continue until our magazines are a pleasure to read as well as to look in† . The magazine attempts to reach perfection in every aspect of its operations and in every element of its design, starting from the cover page and ending up in the smallest article and item presented in the magazine.The internal design was also extremely important for the magazine. The design within Cover is constantly surrounded by design in fashion, beauty lifestyle (Weber, 2006). The focus on the fashion, beauty and lifestyle implies the close interaction between these three elements which comprise the lifestyle of readers of Cover Magazine. The wo rk structure within Cover Magazine also remains stable in the course of time and the editors of the magazine are not going to change it consistently. The layout of the magazine is another distinct feature of the internal design of the magazine that remains stable and aims at the attraction of the target audience of the magazine. The internal design of Cover Magazine aims at the inspiration of the target customer group that transits from designers, editors and contributors of the magazine to its target audience.The design of the magazine aims at the creativity and innovativeness, which though emerge within the lifestyle created and promoted by the magazine. In actuality, creativity and innovations are key factors contributing to the overall success of the magazine. The focus on creativity and innovativeness contributed to the creation of the authentic lifestyle promoted by the magazine and helped the magazine to attract the large audience. Innovativeness and creativity keep attractin g the younger audience, whereas the traditional structure of the magazine maintains the loyalty of old customers.Thus, Cover Magazine has reached a considerable progress due to the development of the effective external and internal design which attracts customers, in spite of gender or age differences. Moreover, today, the magazine stays focused on the creation and promotion of the unique lifestyle which unite its customers in their strife to follow the lead of the magazine, while the magazine sets the pace for the lifestyle it has created. In this regard, the internal and external design of the magazine still plays an important part contributing to its persisting popularity among customers and to the high level of the customer loyalty. The high quality of design, its innovativeness and creativity have become the major factors contributing to its overall success.

Duke Ellington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Duke Ellington - Essay Example To write everything in just two pages would be impossible, so let's deal with the most important ones. To begin with we'd have to deal with Duke Ellington's origins. James Edward Ellington (Duke's father) who made blueprints for the navy and worked both as a carpenter and a White House butler, and Daisy (Kennedy) Ellington (Duke's mother) were strongly religious people belonging to the middle class black families in the USA. Both of them could play the piano well, and exposed their son to music at an early age (with "Miss Clinkscales"- his piano teacher, as he nicknamed her), hoping he would learn the piano and start playing the church organ later. However, E. K. "Duke" Ellington showed as more interested in drawing and painting at the time than in music. He created a poster and won a prize from the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) for it. He became interested in music in his teenage years (in high school) after all, because he realized girls liked p iano players, so he continued his piano lessons. At the age of fifteen he worked in a soda-shop after school. This experience led to his first composition, a jazz song titled as "Soda Fountain Rag". That was the time when he got his nickname Duke. Why and how he got it can only be speculated because there are so many stories about it (Duke Ellington Biography, http://www.musicguide/biographies/160800462/Duke-Ellington.html ). Duke dropped out of high school and started playing in jazz bands by night and painted signs as a freelancer during the day to make a living. Good looking, he married relatively young on July 2, 1918 to Edna Thompson. His only son from this marriage, Mercer, took leadership over the band after his death. What should be said about Duke's personality and appearances It could be seen the best from his personal quotes like "I'm a telephone freak, the greatest invention since peanut brittle" or when asked about how he got the scar on his face he replied " I have four stories about it, and it depends on which you like the best. One is a taxicab accident; another is that I slipped and fell on a broken bottle; then there is a jealous woman, and last is Old Heidelberg, where they used to stand toe to toe with a saber in each hand, and slash away. The first man to step back lost the contest, no matter how many times he's sliced the other. Take your pick." Also, in regards to his personality, we must add his own words and views on races and categories: "I don't believe in categories of any kind, and when you speak of problems between blacks and whites in the USA, you are referring to categories again" (Duke Ellington - Biography, http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0254153/bio ). Duke Ellington spent most part of his life on the road. Speaking of successful touring and performing, one mustn't neglect and forget the fact about Duke's restless and ambitious character. Although Duke grew up surrounded by people from the middle class, he became a man of dignity and tended to reach for higher goals in his life. He visited New York in 1923 for the first time, but before settling in New York he played together with Sonny Greer (a drummer from New Jersey), Otto Hardwicke and Arthur Whetsol in Wisconsin and Atlantic City. He assembled several

My topic is aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My topic is aging - Essay Example Wrinkles on outward body appearance often indicate the arrival of old age in life forms. However, old age can be considered stunning since the process occurs in every person in the most genuine manner. Old age can be regarded beautiful if most populace expend these moments of their lives enjoying life with little or nothing to contemplate (Soozeqsh 1). Aging is beautiful given that the moment persons get born they immediately commence the aging progression. The process is innate, and little can be done to stop it (Soozeqsh 1). Old age is beautiful given that it brings value to every aspect of existence since it assists the young live accordingly. Aging of the houses in certain circumstances may be considered beautiful, especially in the case where the house has aesthetic value relevant to a certain period in human existence. These houses offer a constant reminder to the present generation of the yester years of their parents or relative lives. In certain circumstances, death of certain citizens sounds more of a legendary death than a normal death. Examples of such people are Jimi Hendrix and Marilyn Monroe deaths that are viewed as legendary deaths. However, destruction of certain boroughs through various activities such as warfare and erosion make a place appear older than it should be since it loses current structures that are related to it. Weathering also makes places to look older since the properties and structure in such a region are damaged or

Strategic Planning for Small Business

Strategic Planning for Small Business Business description is the short plan to start up any kind of business. Business description includes all basic information like name of the business, location of the business, type of the business, etc. In it we include the service or products of the business. In this fast moving century everyone is in rush for whole day to satisfy their basic needs. Mainly in the morning everybody is running late for their jobs or schools. Most of the people have no time to cook food for them. To satisfy the appetite of the people in the morning we are thinking to set up an online Packed Meal business. Selling Packed Meals in the morning will be very helpful for those who cannot cook for themselves in the morning. We are planning to deliver the food at the railway stations or bus stops. At these public places people can easily grab the meal. To start this business first of all we are going to create a website by which people can order the food online. They can book the food in advance and accordin g to their orders we can deliver the food. We are planning to provide quick breakfast to the customers at railway station or bus stop. To order the food people can visit the website book an order and can pay online. For convenience of the customer we are setting a plan that customers can book order for the whole week and after week they can pay the amount of the food. It will be helpful for the customers in the sense that they can have food in the morning and secondly they can save time. Numerous surveys have revealed that breakfast is often skipped among Kiwis (Hills, 2012; Impact PR, 2016). Similarly, others have been making poor breakfast choices like leftover party food, pizza, fish chips, ice cream, and even beer (Impact PR, 2016; NZ Herald, 2016). Despite the widespread awareness of the important benefits of breakfast, it is quite alarming to see that many people still forego the need to make time for breakfast. These attitudes and habits towards breakfast are apparently influenced by a hectic lifestyle and poor time management. However, various surveys conducted in the past confirmed that nearly half of New Zealanders acknowledge breakfast as the most important meal of the day (Hills, 2012). It is at this point that a business idea comes to mind: to provide value by satisfying a need (Hartnett, 1998, as cited by Sweeney Soutar, 2001). In this case, it is the need for a good, convenient breakfast. Through an entrepreneurial endeavour supplemented with the col lection of the right information, this idea can become a business opportunity (Massey, 2005). Although a business opportunity does not guarantee success, this business idea requires the support of a business strategy so that it gains a reasonable chance to become a successful operation (Oliver English, 2012) in the near future. The aspired future state of a business or any organisation is described in the vision (Srivastava, Franklin, Martinette, 2013; Duygulu, Ozeren, IÃ…Å ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±ldar, Appolloni, 2016). This statement provides a starting point (Kantabutra Avery, 2010) and a sense of direction for the business, hence, it should be clear, appealing and compelling (Srivastava, Franklin, Martinette, 2013; Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). The business idea comes with an ambitious but altruistic goal, hence, the vision statement: To cater to a multi-cultural society that does not miss breakfast. This above statement satisfies a number of definitions of vision. It is easy to understand, and represents the fundamental purpose of the business (Srivastava, Franklin, Martinette, 2013, p. 50). According to Kantabutra and Avery (2010), strategists have proposed numerous characteristics a powerful vision should possess, but these can be summarised as being concise, clear, stable, challenging, inspirational, and future-oriented. This bold vision not only indicates a long-term standpoint of the business (Hubbard, Rice, Galvin, 2014); it also offers an inspiring image of the big picture (Alter, 2001) which is a more desireable situation in the future. The mission statement is perceived to be a crucial factor in formulating business strategies that are sustainable (Duygulu, Ozeren, IÃ…Å ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±ldar, Appolloni, 2016). It describes the organisations aim, the reasons for its existence, and what it is trying to accomplish (Duygulu, Ozeren, IÃ…Å ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±ldar, Appolloni, 2016), all of which are extremely valuable in establishing the organisations major goals (Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). This business idea will be guided by the mission statement: Enriching busy Wellingtonians through a delightful breakfast to-go. The above mission statement is expressed in a progressive structure to connote the ongoing process and continuous improvement in developing this business. It is also customer-oriented (Wellingtonians) and does not focus on the products (breakfast items) alone. This broad approach acknowledges the possibility that there will be shifts in demand in the future and the main purpose of the business may need to be served in diversified ways (Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). Ultimately, the mission statement establishes what this business intends to excel at (Hubbard, Rice, Galvin, 2014) which is the provision of an enriching and delightful breakfast. The lifestyle preference this business wants to achieve is very evident in the product it aims to serve. The proponents of this business idea are relatively young adults who also constantly miss breakfast due to the demands of both work and studies. Values reflect the underlying behaviours, attitudes and outlooks held and used by the organisation in its operations and activities (Hubbard, Rice, Galvin, 2014). The proponents believe in the value of good health and nourishment a realisation that fundamentally produced this business idea. Innovativeness, the ability to create or adapt to, and implement new ideas into practice and new products (as cited by Lebedeva Grigoryan, 2013), is another essential value preferred by the proponents which should also be integrated into their personal lifestyle. Innovativeness will be a good basis for organisational behaviour once the business becomes operational as innovation is a key factor for survival in a dynamic environment. In the future, th e personal values of the business stakeholders should ideally be aligned with the value statement of the organisation by encouraging participation in its development (Alter, 2001). Social responsibility is integrating environmental and social concerns, apart from the financial aspects, in the strategic decisions of the organisation (Massey, 2005; Hubbard, Rice, Galvin, 2014). The simplest ways to practice social responsibility are by reducing energy consumption (i.e., during food production) and using recyclable food containers. In friendly and creative ways, customers will be reminded to recycle plastic items and dispose of food scraps responsibly. Donating food items to a charitable organisation (i.e., The Free Store, Kaibosh) is also highly considered, and will depend on the size of orders and calculated profit margins. Due to the small size of this business, the proponents will be open to collaborations with other small enterprises in various community involvements. Core values are the inherent principles that guide an organisations actions which eventually become the distinct features of the business entity (Lencioni, 2002). This potential business start-up will possess the following core values: Deliver a healthy breakfast on time. This business idea was formed out of poor time management and a busy lifestyle, hence, time plays a major factor in its implementation. It is extremely important to ensure that the food items are available at the right place and at the right time. In line with the over-arching vision to not miss breakfast, orders must always be on the agreed time of pick-up. Additionally, this core value also highlights the importance of a healthy breakfast which means ingredients are carefully selected, ethically sourced, and hygienically prepared. Listen to serve better. As a start-up business, what the customer has to say will determine its fate. During the first few weeks of operations, suggestions and comments will be proactively collected from customers through the website or direct interaction. Comments particularly about the food taste, variety and options will be taken into account for the subsequent servings. References Alter, S. (2001). Managing the double bottom line: a business planning resource guide for social enterprises. Washington DC: Pact Publications. Duygulu, E., Ozeren, E., IÃ…Å ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±ldar, P., Appolloni, A. (2016). The sustainable strategy for small and medium sized enterprises: the relationship between mission statements and performance. Sustainability, 8(7), 698. doi:10.3390/su8070698 Hill, C. L., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management theory: an integrated approach. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Hills, M. (2012, 18 September). Busy lifestyles keep Kiwis from breakfast. Retrieved from NZ Herald: http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6objectid=10834771 Hubbard, G., Beamish, P. (2011). Strategic management: thinking, analysis, action (4th ed.). New South Wales: Pearson Australia. Hubbard, G., Rice, J., Galvin, P. (2014). Strategic management: thinking, analysis, action (5th ed.). Melbourne: Pearson Australia. Impact PR. (2016, March 16). New Survey Reveals Kiwis Fast Food Breakfast Habits. Retrieved from Scoop Independent News: http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/CU1603/S00317/new-survey-reveals-kiwis-fast-food-breakfast-habits.htm Kantabutra, S., Avery, G. C. (2010). The power of vision: statements that resonate. Journal of Business Strategy, 31(1), 37-45. Lebedeva, N., Grigoryan, L. (2013). Implicit theories of innovativeness: cross-cultural analysis. Search (Working Paper), Moscow. Lencioni, P. M. (2002, July). Make Your Values Mean Something. Retrieved from Harvard Business Review: https://hbr.org/2002/07/make-your-values-mean-something Massey, C. (2005). Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management in New Zealand. Auckland: Pearson Education New Zealand. NZ Herald. (2016, March 16). Most important meal of the day? Kiwis swapping breakfast for fast food. Retrieved from NZ Herald: http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1objectid=11606305 Oliver, L., English, J. (2012). The small business book: a New Zealand guide for the 21st century (6th ed.). Crows Nest, NSW: Leith Oliver and John English. Srivastava, M., Franklin, A., Martinette, L. (2013). Building a sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Technology Management Innovation, 8(2), 47-60. Sweeney, J. C., Soutar, G. N. (2001). Consumer perceived value: The development of a multiple item scale. Journal of Retailing, 77, 203-220.

Virtual Learning Environment In Higher Education Education Essay

The usage of Blackboard platform has been adopted by many higher acquisition establishments. But a few surveies have been carried out on its impact on pupils, talks and administrations. This thesis is about the impact of practical acquisition environment package such as Blackboard in higher acquisition establishments ; a instance survey has antecedently shown that the Blackboard package is being used chiefly for administrative maps and non to its maximal capacity. Recognition Though merely my name appears on the screen of this thesis, a great many people have contributed to its production. I owe my gratitude to all those people who have made this thesis possible and because of whom my experience has been one that I will care for everlastingly. My deepest gratitude is to my adviser, Dr.William Micheal Gasser. I have been surprisingly fortunate to hold an adviser who gave me the freedom to research on my ain, and at the same clip the counsel to retrieve when my stairss faltered. I am besides grateful to him for promoting the usage of right grammar and consistent notation in my Hagiographas and for carefully reading and noticing on infinite alterations of this manuscript. Many friends have helped me remain sane through these hard times. Their support and attention helped me get the better of reverses and remain focused on my survey. I greatly value their friendly relationship and I deeply appreciate their belief in me. I am besides thankful those who helped me in my research by supplying feedback through the on-line questionnaires. Most significantly, none of this would hold been possible without the love and forbearance of my household. My immediate household has been a changeless beginning of love, concern, support and strength for me. I would wish to show my heart-felt gratitude to my household. My extended household has aided and encouraged me throughout this enterprise. Contentss 1 Introduction 5 2 Introduction to VLE 6 1.1. Problem Statement 10 1.2. Target 10 1.3. Result and Actors 11 1.4. Scope and Scale 11 1.5. Ethical issues 11 1.6. Purposes and Objectives 12 1.7. Thesis Outline 13 2 Research Methodology 13 2.1 Library Search 14 2.2 Online Journal Articles Search 14 2.3 Open Access Online Journal Articles Search 14 2.4 Web Search 15 2.5 Extra Literature 16 3 Impact of Using Blackboard Software on Students and Lectors 16 3.1 Students 16 3.1.1 Students ‘ perceptual experience 17 3.1.2 Students Evaluation of VLE Components 18 3.1.3 Blackboard versus Face to Face Teaching 19 3.1.4 Impact on Learning 20 3.1.5 Impact on Learning Outcomes 21 3.1.6 Impact on Society 22 3.2 Lectors 22 3.2.1 Lectures ‘ perceptual experience 23 3.3 Impact on IS Strategy 25 3.4 Students perspectives 28 3.5 Lecturers positions 30 4 Decisions 33 5 Bibliography 34IntroductionIn recent old ages, the demand for instruction has changed because of an increased demand for a extremely educated work force that will be expected to larn continuously ( Alavi & A ; Leidner, 2001 ) . Education has become an un stoping procedure in one ‘s life-time due to which the agency of instruction are besides being transformed in order to run into the outlooks and to maintain the continuity of instruction traveling. The acquisition which was ab initio done in a face to confront environment, is going into an environment mediated by computing machines and digital engineerings. In 1886, the first president of the University of Chicago, William Rainer Harper wrote: â€Å" the pupil who has prepared a certain figure of lessons in the correspondence school knows more of the topic treated in those lessons, and knows it better than the pupil who has covered the same land in the schoolroom † ( Harper, 1971, p. 12 ) . Since the 1970s, the Open University of UK, has pioneered the construct of modern distance acquisition by supplying blended learning environments of face-to-face tutoring and class bundles including audio- and video-based class stuff. Since the reaching of the Internet, educational net-based engineering is germinating quickly at universities worldwide ( Mason, 2003 ) . However, the demand of practical acquisition has of all time so increased today, that we barely find a student/tutor who does n't utilize or cognize how to utilize the practical acquisition packages available. Some research has been done on acquisition by Virtual acquisition environments, and they show a variable perceptual experience of VLEs for both pupils and academic staff. In an rating of on-line distance instruction, Westerberg and Marald ( 2004 ) found that university directors and instructors perceived this sort of instruction as a agency of making out to a higher figure of pupils. Students, on the other manus, appreciated the chance to analyze in a mode more independent of limitations of clip and infinite, than traditional instruction on campus. Teachers experienced a heavy work load and high outlooks to be accessible to pupils, while pupils perceived the pedagogical quality of online classs being lower, compared to classs on campus ( Westerberg & A ; Marald, 2004 ) . The fi ndings of high outlooks of being available to pupils are confirmed by Zhang and Nunamaker ( 2003 ) , who found that scholars perceive more chances for communicating with teachers in a practical acquisition environment than in a traditional schoolroom. With these differing sentiments in head, it could be sensible to inquire if learning by agencies of practical acquisition environments is a phenomenon truly accepted by instructors and pupils. This thesis is being carried out to happen out the factors act uponing the impact of practical acquisition environment for both the pupils and the teachers/turtors.Introduction to VLEAA practical acquisition environment ( VLE ) A is aA softwareA system developed to back up acquisition and instruction in an educational environment. A VLE can work within an administration via Local Area Network ( LAN ) , over the Internet as Wide Area Network ( WAN ) and supply a aggregation of educational tools in order to ease assignments, communicating, contents direction and attendings. VLEs can be used for distance acquisition or supplement traditional face to confront schoolroom activities. A web page is a front terminal interface that is browsed by pupils and academic staff, the back terminal can represent databases, web waiter and other relevant hardware and package tools. Blackboard ( c.f. , Figure 1 ) is VLE package that supports and facilitates on-line acquisition and teaching.A A It enables, Course content stuffs, such as talk notes and talk slides to be uploaded on the Blackboard site for easy entree and downloads by pupils Online communicating between lecturers/tutors and pupils by the usage of forums and treatment boards Online capable presentation and tutorials in a practical schoolroom Groups direction in order to ease treatment and exchange of educational stuffs Uploading and taking on-line assignments that involve automatic marker and feedback strategies Posting proclamations on a site and e-mailing pupils enrolled on a peculiar class Scheduling class and assignment deadlines Tracking pupils activities on a site and Course work entry and its automatic recognition. Blackboard package is used by over 3700 instruction establishments in more than 60 states Smith ( 2009 ) . Figure 1: Blackboard screenshot Many researches have shown that pupils ‘ activities under Virtual Learning Environment are largely based on administrative maps such as subjecting assignments and reading messages in forums or newssheets. It has been found that pupils are merely active and engage themselves in collaborative and synergistic activities in ain environment such as in societal networking ( e.g. , Facebook and Myspace ) . A survey in Smith ( 2009 ) showed that although pupils value resources placed on VLEs such as Blackboard, they value more face to confront contact with their lectors or coachs. Lectors play a really critical function in how pupils engage themselves with VLEs. Research in Smith ( 2009 ) has shown that bulk of lectors are replacing the bing methods alternatively of introducing new methods that will promote pupils to bask collaborative and synergistic acquisition methods. Another research has shown that some lectors ‘ usage of Blackboard has enhanced their appraisal of pupils work capablenesss in the face to confront schoolroom scenes ( Woods et al. ( 2004 ) . In most of least developed states, VLEs are regarded as inferior to face to confront schoolroom scenes. If engineering is suitably used so it normally has important benefits to our day-to-day life. The same chief applies to the usage of Blackboard. Appropriate usage of Blackboard has shown to hold important benefits to both pupils and their lectors. Some of these are outline below. Traditional methods ( face to confront learning ) were compared with the usage of Blackboard package for sociology pupils. It was revealed that pupils ‘ rating compared favorably in the group that was utilizing Blackboard with important addition in perceptual experiences of lector relationship and rating Koeber ( 2005 ) The research in Campbell et Al. ( 2008 ) found that participants on on-line treatment attained higher Markss in their tests than those with face to confront method. This showed that VLE was linked with greater accomplishments. It was shown in Hepworth et Al ( 2000 ) that VLEs promote significantly greater critical thought among pupils than traditional method of face to face schoolrooms. It was revealed by APLU ( 2009 ) that larning results via Blackboard were better than face to face instructions. It was found that 56 % of talks ( with and without on-line experience ) recommended on-line plans to at least one pupil. It was shown that over 80 % of lectured with on-line talking experience recommended on-line plans. Farquarson ( 2007 ) found that there was an impact on pupils ‘ societal experiences at universities by take parting in on-line activities. It was suggested that this could be used as keeping scheme since supportive equal groups are an facet of pupils ‘ battle. There is clear indicant of the effectivity offered to pupils and their lectors through the usage of VLEs such as Blackboard. This is much derived from the facets such as administrative acquisition and instruction undertakings, for case, managing and accessing content stuffs, communications or proclamations such as forums or intelligence, scaling, attendings, assignments and feedbacks. With VLEs there are benefits of flexibleness and convenience of entree at anytime and from anyplace, there is flexibleness of communicating and coaction environment, this means that there is a big degree of control passed to the pupil.Problem StatementHow does Virtual Learning Environment impact pupils and academic staff in Higher Learning Education? Virtual environment for acquisition can be considered as an sweetening of our traditional face to confront schoolroom environment, nevertheless the impact of both is wholly different from one another and this thesis is being carried out to foreground the positive and negative facets every bit good as the impacts on pupils, teachers/tutors and over all higher larning instruction system.TargetGiven the job statement in this survey, the mark audience is academic staff, pupils, VLE package proprietors and any research workers interested in VLEs and their impacts in HLE. The end is to hold a list of factors that VLE impacts pupils and academic staff in HLE establishments. The list will so be good for future support and sweetening of VLE package such as Blackboard.Outcome and ActorsThe chief result of this survey will be the list of impacts of VLE on HLE institutes that can be used to advance and heighten VLE in larning establishments. The histrions in this survey are Blackboard package us ers i.e. , pupils and academic staff.Scope and ScaleThe range of this survey will be limited to UK pupils and academic staff with experience of utilizing Blackboard package. About 150- 200 participants will be consulted online in order to carry on questionnaire exercising.Ethical issuesEthical issues were taken into consideration in this survey. There was no hazard of exposing topics to any hazard as the lone topics were Blackboard users who were merely asked inquiries about their experiences utilizing Blackboard and those who took portion in the study were good informed and were good cognizant of the intent of the study. No private or confidential informations was required from clients during interviews or when their feedbacks were obtained from on-line signifiers. Still whatever informations collected during this thesis was kept confidential and used strictly for study and extraction of impacts of the use of VLEs.Purposes and AimsThe purpose of this undertaking is to look into the impact of a Virtual Learning Environment ( VLE ) in Higher Learning Education ( HLE ) . The involvement is in the ways by which the VLE provides pupils ‘ and lectors ‘ demands and agencies of back uping communicating and the sharing of resources in HLE. The undertaking aims will be supported by the undermentioned aims: – To reexamine the province of the art of VLE package and applications and its related engineerings. To reexamine the execution of VLEs and associated experiences of the stakeholders in the context of policies, schemes and precedences. To analyze the impact of VLEs solutions execution from the position of the pupils, research workers and lectors. To analyze the current arguments and future waies of VLE such as societal media and the impact of Web 2.0 Show the findings of this undertaking as an MSC thesis to the University of GloucestershireThesis OutlineThe balance of this thesis is organised as follows. Chapter 2 out lines the research methodological analysis used in this survey. The impact of Blackboard package on pupils and lectors is described in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 nowadayss instance survey and decisions are given in Chapter 5.Research MethodologyThe purpose of this undertaking is to look into the impact of a Virtual Learning Environment in Higher Learning Education. The involvement is in the ways by which the VLE provides pupils ‘ and lectors ‘ demands and agencies of back uping communicating and the sharing of resources. Primary informations spotlight aggregation activity has been through questionnaires and through research by utilizing resources such as the Internet, diaries, and library. The questionnaires were conducted to pupils and talks on their usage of VLE package such as Blackboard. The questionnaires were merely through on-line via a web site. Below are the sorts of initial article searched and conducted in the class of this survey: –Library SearchA library hunt was conducted utilizing an advanced hunt in the ICT, societal scientific disciplines and instruction subdivisions. The keywords entered for the hunt are:BlackboardWebCTVLEThe hunt consequences were read and relevant 1s were selected for farther rating.Online Journal Articles SearchA methodical hunt was conducted, shoping equal reviewed articles published in the undermentioned on-line diaries but non limited to: Computers and Education British Journal of Educational TechnologyOpen Access Online Journal Articles SearchA methodical hunt was conducted by shoping unfastened entree online diaries, related to VLE utilizing keywords such as: – Virtual acquisition environments ( VLE ) Course Management Systems ( CMS ) Learning Management Systems ( LMS ) Blackboard/WebCT Blended acquisition The undermentioned diaries were accessed: – The Electronic Journal of e-Learning ( United Kingdom ) The European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning ( EURODL ) ( Europe ) The Journal of Distance Education ( Canada ) Australian Journal of Educational Technology Australian The International Journal of Emerging Technologies and SocietyWeb SearchThe undermentioned keywords were entered into a web hunt engine ( google.com ) Distance acquisition Blackboard/WebCT VLE E-learning Mobile larning Web 2.0 Social media Social package Personal web Personal acquisition environment Open educational resources Open beginningExtra LiteratureIn add-on, articles recommended by friends and supervisor were studied and relevant stuffs were extracted and used. Statistical package such as Microsoft Excel was used to analyze informations obtained from questionnaires.Impact of Using Blackboard Software on Students and LectorsStudentsA two twelvemonth study in Midwestern University in USA by Lonn and Teasley ( 2009 ) found that 95 % of pupils at the campus were utilizing Blackboard and 95 % of their activities in the Blackboard were based on communicating and document direction. Merely 5 % were on synergistic activities such as Wikis, chat and treatment boards. In New Zealand, it was found by Santhiveeran ( 2006 ) that the Blackboard was accessed 23 hours a twenty-four hours. The most popular environment was paperss country where pupils could download talk notes, slide and assignments. A research conducted by JISC in UK revealed that pupils are merely interested with Blackboard features that run into their demands and sometimes merely when they suit them ( JISC ( 2007 ) ) .Students ‘ perceptual experienceMany pupils in HLE institutes were either born or have grown up during the digital age. This coevals of pupils are excited by engineering and perceive that VLE engineering such as Blackboard package will ever assist in the instruction enterprise. These pupils do non believe that Blackboard will of all time perplex their acquisition curve MORI ( 2008 ) . There are few surveies that have researched on pupils ‘ perceptual experience looking at personal features and how these affect pupils ‘ easiness of utilizing VLEs such as Blackboard. Sun et Al. ( 2008 ) found that larning anxiousness on computing machines have negative influence on VLEs satisfaction. Lecturers ‘ attitudes on VLEs will hold positive influence on pupils ‘ VLEs satisfaction. Research conducted by Liaw ( 2008 ) found that sensed usefulness and satisfaction were the major factors that contribute to pupils ‘ behavioral purpose to utilize VLEs such as Blackboard package. It was concluded that effectivity of VLEs can be influenced by a figure of factors such as multimedia bringing, quality and synergistic activities of VLEs. These findings besides suggested that pupils ‘ perceptual experiences was that inappropriate usage of VLEs package such as Blackboard is worse than non utilizing the engineering at all to back up VLEs.Students Evaluation of VLE ComponentsSharpe et Al. ( 2006 ) learned the usage of VLE package such as Blackboard was positively overpowering with regard to accessing class stuffs and as a addendum to traditional face to confront schoolroom apparatus. The survey by Mori ( 2008 ) showed that two tierce of pupils accessed class stuffs via the VLE and were really satisfied. Students besides valued the usage of treatment board found in the Blackboard and were satisfied by lectors who played important axial rotation in modulating them. At that clip it was found that pupils were non much exposed to Wikis and were less comfy with societal networking site such as Facebook with their lectors or coachs in them. My research conducted in UK with 50 pupils informally interviewed, all of the 50 pupils acknowledge the usage of Wikis and hence it was concluded that, now pupils are familiar with wikis but still non comfy with talks in the societal networking sites. The survey my Morgan et Al ( 2006 ) established that the usage of confab and bulletin board in Blackboard was effectual in exciting brooding acquisition in nursing pupils. Students said that they developed more brooding accomplishments by the usage of Blackboard than a face to face schoolroom. Bridge and Appleyard ( 2008 ) found that assignment entry via Blackboard and feedback was positively received with 88 % of pupils interviewed pinpointed that subjecting class work via the VLE was clip and fiscal economy and 93 % preferable feedback via the Blackboard package.Blackboard versus Face to Face TeachingThe survey conducted by Oladiran and Uziak ( 2009 ) in Botswana found that the usage of Blackboard was non preferred as entirely usage of learning method. Students preferable Blackboard as a compliment to face to confront learning in a schoolroom. The recognised the power of IT in the acquisition, they accepted that the usage of Blackboard farther enhanced their IT skills and made them more independent in their thought. In general it was found that the usage of Blackboard improved the quality of their surveies, this was perceived by 75 % of the pupils interviewed. Two decisions were derived by the survey of Benoit et Al ( 2006 ) : – VLE is non by and large superior to traditional face to confront schoolroom apparatus, based on the sum of acquisition, and Students are systematically more satisfied the traditional schoolroom apparatus than with VLE. This is besides supported by the research conducted by MORI ( 2008 ) who revealed that pupils still value face to VLEs schoolroom apparatus. But pupils are motivated to utilize VLE because it us flexible, can be accessed at anytime from anyplace and saves clip. The survey conducted by McGill & A ; Hobbs ( 2008 ) proved that the VLE usage is suited in HLE institutes but non needfully better than traditional face to confront schoolroom apparatus.Impact on LearningThe research by Benoit EL Al. ( 2006 ) found that utilizing VLEs were systematically non really effectual compared to traditional face to confront direction in footings of larning publicity and pupils preferred face-to-face instruction. The survey conducted by Arbaugh ( 2004 ) on an MBA programme showed that while there was minor alteration in pupils ‘ perceptual experience of larning between their first on-line class on VLE and attendant classs on VLE, there were major positive alterations in their learning satisfaction with the VLE as a bringing medium, their perceptual experiences of pupils interaction, and the convenience and easiness of usage of the Blackboard. These findings imply that as pupils obtain movable accomplishments and cognition in VLE, their perceptual experiences of the VLE as a positive acquisition medium better. Most of the major alterations in these perceptual experiences happened between the first and 2nd period that the pupils attended in the VLE classs, which implies that pupils need to analyze at least two classs via VLE before reasoning sing classs bringing medium. Therefore, academic staff should pay particular attending to first clip pupils choosing for a class via VLE in order to promote their engagement in following classs via VLE. The survey by Lonn & A ; Teasley ( 2009 ) , Attwell ( 2009 ) and Bricheno, Higginson & A ; Weedon ( 2004 ) showed that in footings of impact on acquisition, VLEs showed some accomplishment in footings of heightening communicating, the countries of larning where VLEs had small impact were collaborative and synergistic acquisition. In a research conducted in 20 educational establishments, Bricheno ( 2004 ) found that collaborative and synergistic acquisition did non look to hold major alterations in several establishments. †Impact on Learning OutcomesThe correlativity between the usage of VLEs and pupil classs has been researched really widely. Percival and Muirhead ( 2009 ) studied two groups of concern and IT pupils at the University of Ontario in the Institute of Technology. One group was trained by traditional face to confront method and the other one by VLE. Both groups were evaluated by the usage questionnaires and there were approximately 40 % of respondents to the questio nnaires by both groups. The purpose of the rating was to determine participants ‘ usage of VLE package such as Blackboard and measure the impact of VLE on overall classs. Just a little figure of participants in both groups listened to the on-line pre-recorded talk. Participants who listened to pre-recorded talk obtained much better classs than those who did n't. VLE learning pupils made more usage of electronic books and talk notes, podcasts and treatment boards. Percival and Muirhead ( 2009 ) concluded that although today ‘s pupils are familiar with cyberspace engineerings, it can non be taken for granted that these pupils will automatically go accustomed to utilizing these new engineerings for larning. Students are required to familiarise themselves with the benefits of engineering to their acquisition in order to do smooth passage from traditional schoolroom to online acquisition.Impact on SocietyFarquharson ( 2007 ) conducted an probe on the impact of different manne rs of tutorial treatment on making societal relationships among pupils. Three manners of treatment were selected for comparings: Blackboard online treatment package, Blackboard electronic mail package and traditional face to face tutorials. The group with Blackboard treatments and electronic mail were more expected to increase friendly relationship webs amongst their equals. In add-on, older pupils reported a larger figure of friendly relationships. The findings suggested that, on-line engagement in Blackboard activities might hold an impact on pupils ‘ societal experience in HLE ( Farquarson, 2007 ) . This could perchance be used as a strategic attack to better keeping rates, since supportive equal webs are an of import facet of pupil battle.LectorsThe Association of Public and Land Grant Universities in the USA published a papers on the usage of VLE such as Blackboard by module members ( APLU 2009 ) . In their survey of module members at US universities, about a one-fourth o f all modules who responded were talking at least one on-line class via VLE at the clip of the study. Over a 3rd of module members indicated that they have lectured online. Furthermore, the most experient module members, those with more than 15 old ages of talking experience, are giving talks online at a rate equivalent to faculty members with less lecturing experience. About a ten percent of all module members reported that they were in the procedure working on developing on-line talks. The per centum of module members who have developed on-line talks is about the same as the per centum of module members who have lectured on-line classs. Forests et Al ( 2004 ) showed that module members chiefly use the Blackboard package as a class direction or disposal tool to do class material readily available to pupils and manage class classs and attendings.Lectures ‘ perceptual experienceForests et Al ( 2004 ) established that module members ‘ attitudes were really positive when it came to the schoolroom administrative maps of the Blackboard package but their ideas were impersonal in footings of its instructional and psychosocial benefits. It was found that females had more positive attitudes than males in footings of the Blackboard package ‘s capableness to better schoolroom disposal and advance a positive relational environment. Across all module members, 34 % used Blackboard package to beg a greater diverseness of pupil sentiments than is otherwise possible in the face-to-face environment and 60 % agreed that certain characteristics in the Blackboard system enhanced or elevated their appraisal of pupil work and instructional capablenesss in the face-to-face schoolroom scene. It was besides revealed that a sum of 80 % agreed that the Blackboard package helped them to clearly and expeditiously pass on information about talk demands, and 60 % agreed that the Blackboard package helps them better to run into the acquisition demands of pupils. It was besides revealed that 62 % agreed that the Blackboard package helped them to break their clip direction in disposal affairs and 64 % agreed that Blackboard package improved their pupils ‘ ability to derive cognition of class stuffs. It was found by Lonn and Teasley ( 2009 ) that both male and female lectors believed that the VLE engineering improved instruction and acquisition but were more positive on the consequence of it on their instruction than on pupils. Lectors perceived that the finest advantage of the Blackboard package was how it enhanced and better their communicating with their pupils. Very few female and male lectors chose learning or larning betterments as the most of import advantage from utilizing Blackboard package. A survey conducted by Mitchell and Geva-May ( 2009 ) explored attitudes towards, and attitudes impacting, VLE execution. In recent old ages at that place has been greater credence of VLE by institutional determination shapers, as evidenced by high degrees of larning establishment engagement, but greater module members ‘ credence still lags behind. This spread affects the permeant acceptance of VLE. Mitchell and Geva-May ( 2009 ) proposed that module members credence of VLE is influenced by attitudes related to four factors: – Intellectual reluctance, such as the concerns that pupils ‘ perceptual experiences that VLE is inferior to traditional schoolroom apparatus. Support, such as preparation, clip and aid. Change, in peculiar with respect to doubts the construction and operation of the educational establishments will alter and hence threatens their stations. Economy, where the greatest uncertainty was with the perceptual experience that more support would be needed to back up VLE.Impact on IS StrategyInternet entree connectivity has revolutionized the instruction sector peculiarly on VLE. This is really of import as the connexion should be good plenty to be able to make a practical environment such that information can be accessed and shared without any hold or job and firmly.EffectssLikelihoodLow Medium High Negative Avoid Favorable Beneficial Table 1 Internet Access Since VLE such as Blackboard package depends much on internet entree, any dislocation will hold all activities that involve the information flow between talks, pupils and institutional direction. The likeliness of this to go on is medium but the effects are really negative and therefore any learning establishment should avoid this to do negative effects by holding a backup communicating scheme, this can be done by holding more than one cyberspace entree suppliers and an automatic switch over one time one entree is lost.EffectssLikelihoodLow Medium High Negative Avoid Favorable Beneficial Table 2 Security Modern communicating like high velocity cyberspace connexion comes with drawbacks. Security is the major drawback, privateness, confidentiality and unity of private informations fluxing over the cyberspace between lectors, pupils and instruction staff offices poses security breach. With wireless internet entree in about every place in developed states, the security issue becomes more important. The likeliness of this to go on is high, its consequence is really negative and therefore any larning institute with VLE as the manner of acquisition and learning bringing should guarantee strong encoding tools and sensings are in topographic point at all sides of communicating.EffectssProbabilityLow Medium High Negative Favorable Beneficial Encourage Table 3 Software Collaborative VLE package plays a major function on the efficiency in instruction sector for maintaining pupils and lectors together. With these package, about everything is automated, scheduling, presentment and even instant messaging. The traditional message flows in an office is expeditiously organised. These package bundles are going really sophisticated as new engineerings in processing and storage capacities of personal computing machines are improved. The likeliness of these bundles to better is medium and hence increased productiveness in instruction sector, but its consequence is really good, therefore any establishment with VLE deployment should promote any kind of design or development of the collaborative educational package.Case surveyStudents positionsThe intent of this chapter is to supply an in depth position of of import findings that have already been reported in recent old ages. Students ‘ position for VLE was studied by Stephen Lonn and Stephanie Teasley in 2009. This survey does non concentrate entirely on pupil perceptual experiences but besides cover academic staff perceptual experiences. It makes peculiarly exciting reading as the survey is focused on an organizational execution of an unfastened beginning VLE, and so it is interesting to see whether the perceptual experiences of pupils and academicians are traveling to be different than those found in the usage of commercial VLEs. The survey makes a point that VLEs are used chiefly for the distribution and storage of class stuffs though they can be used for heightening coaction and interaction via tools such as treatment boards, confab suites, wikis and web logs. It farther points out that these tools permit VLEs to back up constructive methods for acquisition and instruction. A cardinal issue nevertheless is achieving pupils and academician ‘s acknowledgment of the chances provided by the tools. It reports that at the University of Wisconsin ( Morgan, 2003 ) academicians reported that one time they have had used the VLE they did commence to reconstitute their classs and eventually their pedagogic attack. It besides disputes that there are a figure of other related surveies but there has been a short of longitudinal surveies which might descry how pupils and academicians change their beliefs and methods to the effectual utilizations of VLE in acquisition and instruction. The survey is conducted at the University of Michigan where they found that academicians ‘ development on VLE is voluntary and the usage of the VLE is non obligatory over most of the establishments. They addressed a figure of cardinal inquiries: Does IT better instruction and acquisition? No major difference between pupils and academicians in footings of IT expertness. Major difference with respect the usage of IT. Students reported preferring a high degree of IT usage than academicians. Which of the following net incomes from utilizing information engineering in your faculties was most valuable to you: Contented sharing, Assignments ; confabs, proclamations ; agenda, treatment, wiki, course of study? There was a major difference between academicians and pupils. The most popular reply from academicians was that it enhanced their communicating with pupils, and for pupils the most popular reply was that it saved them clip i.e. , it was more efficient. The top four maps selected by pupils and academicians as ‘very valuable ‘ were the same, if in a slightly different order, covering content sharing, proclamations, course of study and agenda. When analyzing system event log files this seems to fit the questionnaire statistics with 95 % of activities being correlated to content, assignments, proclamations, agenda and course of study. Merely 5 % of events were associated with synergistic and collaborative tools, treatment board and wiki. For efficient communicating, instruction and acquisition activities. Students and lectors were asked to rate specific activities categorised as either ‘efficient communicating ‘ or ‘supporting acquisition and learning ‘ . Lectors tended to rate ‘efficient communicating activities ‘ as ‘very valuable, ‘ more than pupils. Teaching and larning activities tended to be rated as ‘valuable ‘ instead than ‘very valuable ‘ by both pupils and talks. In general, the survey noted that both lectors and pupils agree that IT heighten instruction and acquisition. However lectors agree more strongly than pupils that IT can better instruction and acquisition. The survey suggests that pupil responses are perchance based on how the VLE tools have really been used. The perceptual experiences raised in this survey of a non-commercial VLE such as MOODLE by pupils and lectors are no different to the types of perceptual experiences raised sing the usage commercial VLEs such as Blackboard.Lectors positionsThe article of Woods et Al. ( 2004 ) explored how far the Blackboard package aids and supports a blended acquisition method by analyzing its usage and impact on three countries of instruction and acquisition: The Blackboard package as a class direction platform, used as an country to supply talk notes, assignment, slides and other helpful larning stuffs as reading lists, course of study, auxiliary readings and external links. Besides the usage of the class system, the trial director and the appraisal tools belong partially excessively this country. The Blackboard package as an assignment tool. How far does the Blackboard package encourage diverseness, and animate critical thought and advance different larning manners before or after a face to confront schoolroom session? Specific features in this country are the treatment boards and trial directors. The Blackboard package as a tool for schoolroom society. How far does the Blackboard package encourage set uping relationships and interaction between class pupils and lectors? In order to react to these inquiries a study was carried out and sent to 50 colleges and universities in 2003 in a Midwest province of the USA ( all acquisition establishments addressed were utilizing Blackboard ) . The study was done by 862 module members from 38 establishments ; 59 % of the respondents were male, and the bulk of all respondents considered themselves as really computing machine literate. Almost half had taught with VLE such as Blackboard package and a important bulk ( 83 % ) had received preparation or assist on how to utilize the Blackboard package. The chief grounds specified for utilizing the Blackboard package were: Professional involvements ( 65 % ) Encouraged by co-workers ( 27 % ) Encouragement of pupils ( 11 % ) The survey indicates that the dominant usage of the Blackboard package is in the country of class administrative affairs. For case: 75 % on a regular basis published their course of study 81 % sent legion or sporadic electronic mails to the whole category 59 % used the class systems Less common usage was made of the assignments tool ( 28 % ) . However 41 % of respondents had conducted a quiz and 45 % had used a treatment board to promote argument and coaction. The Blackboard package was used less normally as a pedagogic application. For case, participants pointed out occasional usage of the treatment board to go on in category treatment or to back up treatment prior to a face to confront schoolroom session. 22 % used the group tools to partition pupils into treatment groups and about 6 % used the unrecorded confab or practical schoolroom characteristics to discourse class content online. The bulk of the letter writers are to some extent impersonal towards the outlook that the Blackboard package can promote a schoolroom society. About 11 % indicated that the Blackboard system was used to develop a stronger sense of schoolroom society and the bulk ( 60 % ) pointed out they ne'er used the Blackboard package for this intent. In decision, the Blackboard package seems chiefly to be used as an disposal and direction tool as portion of a blended acquisition method. The large figure of the participants ne'er used Blackboard package for more synergistic class functionalities such as formative appraisal and for practical office hours. The survey suggests that the Blackboard package seemed to be used to supplement traditional face to confront schoolroom apparatus.DecisionsThis thesis has presented the impact of VLEs on pupils and lectors in larning establishment. The instance survey presented has shown that the Blackboard package seems chiefly to be used as an disposal and direction tool as portion of a blended acquisition method. The bulk of the participants ne'er used Blackboard package for more synergistic class functionalities such as formative appraisal and for practical office hours. The survey suggests that the Blackboard package seemed to be used to supplement traditional face to confront schoolroom appa ratus. The survey besides concludes that both lectors and pupils agree that IT heighten instruction and acquisition. However lectors agree more strongly than pupils that IT can better instruction and acquisition. The survey suggests that pupil responses are perchance based on how the VLE tools have really been used. The perceptual experiences raised in this survey of a non-commercial VLE such as MOODLE by pupils and lectors are no different to the types of perceptual experiences raised sing the usage commercial VLEs such as Blackboard.